Helping Clients Reduce Anxiety Symptoms at Work 协助减缓来访者在工作中的焦虑症状 文章:Megan Myers 编译:宋昀修 https://www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/494889/_self/CC_layout_details/false This article originally appeared in NCDA's web magazine, Career Convergence, at www.ncda.org. Copyright National Career Development Association, (March, 2023). Reprinted with permission |
焦虑可能会以一系列症状出现,像是难以控制思绪胡思乱想、出汗增多、肌肉紧张、睡眠困难、嗜睡、肠胃道问题及注意力不集中(Anxiety & Depression Association of America, n.d.)。而生涯顾问和生涯咨询师需要了解和教导来访者如何减轻工作场所中的焦虑,才能支持他们实现生涯目标。
应对焦虑 心理咨商师可以帮助来访者理解引发焦虑的某些核心问题和创伤,生涯顾问和生涯咨询师则可以协助个案如何应对焦虑症状。越来越多的研究显示,辩证行为疗法(DBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy)也有助于缓解焦虑症状,尤其是当焦虑与抑郁症等其他精神健康障碍同时发生时(Webb et al., 2016)。以下建议可用来帮助来访者了解与应对工作场所中的焦虑。
处理工作中的焦虑情绪的第一步是注意到哪些工作场景会触发焦虑情绪。DBT鼓励个案在不带批判的状况下注意自己的情绪及触发点,以减少围绕这些情绪的羞愧感。
常见的工作焦虑触发因子有:
焦虑时常见的生理反应包括:
“沉淀(Grounding)”这个单字意思是将身体从不安的情绪或压力下稳定下来。由于焦虑同时发生于生理与心理,因此透过解决生理上的症状来缓解焦虑或压力是非常重要的。透过“沉淀”这样的方式有助于让身体平静下来并集中注意力,从而可以对工作中的困难状况作出有效的决策。沉淀技巧可以运用在生理上或心理上的(Raypole, 2022)。
沉淀技巧:
如果您的来访者很难在工作中运用沉淀技巧,那分散注意力好从焦虑的思绪中转移开来可能会有帮助。鼓励来访者觉察到他们正专注于某件让他们感到担忧或压力的事情时,引导他们从这些事情上转移注意力至少30分钟。尽管这不是应对焦虑的长期解决方案,但在当下可能会有帮助。
分散注意力的建议:
当人们感到羞耻或内疚时,往往会加重他们的焦虑感。即使当下原因并不明显,人们感到焦虑通常有更深层次的原因,因此确认来访者焦虑的原因对于减轻整体焦虑症状至关重要(Harris, 2015)。
到目前为止,已经讨论了针对焦虑症状的战术和身体应对机制,除此之外在协助来访者时您还可以尝试使用以下几种方法:
为何“协助减缓来访者在工作中的焦虑症状”对生涯咨询师是重要的?
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References |
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Anxiety & Depression Association of America. (n.d.) Symptoms: Generalized anxiety disorder. https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad/symptoms Harnett, H. (2022, June 14). Any company can support employees' mental health: Here's how with some low- and no-cost tools. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90760638/any-company-can-support-employees-mental-wellness-heres-how-with-some-low-and-no-cost-tools Harris, R. (2015, November 1). The struggle switch [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCp1l16GCXI McLaren, S. (2020, May 20). 5 ways companies are supporting employees' Mental Health and Preventing Burnout. LinkedIn. Retrieved November 1, 2022, from https://www.linkedin.com/business/talent/blog/talent-engagement/ways-companies-support-mental-health-and-prevent-burnout Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Hari, R., & Hietanen, J. K. (2013). Bodily maps of emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(2), 646–651. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1321664111 Panchal, N., Kamal, R., Cox, C., & Garfield, R. (2021). The implications of COVID-19 for mental health and substance use. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/ Raypole, C. (2022, June 13). 30 grounding techniques to quiet distressing thoughts. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/grounding-techniques Simpson, S. (2022). Integrating somatics into career coaching. Career Convergence. https://www.careerconvergence.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sd/news_article/471023/_self/CC_layout_details/false The American Institute of Stress. (n.d.). Workplace stress. Author. https://www.stress.org/workplace-stress Webb, C. A., Beard, C., Kertz, S. J., Hsu, K. J., & Björgvinsson, T. (2016). Differential role of CBT skills, DBT skills and psychological flexibility in predicting depressive versus anxiety symptom improvement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 81, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.006 |
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作者:Megan Myers |
Email: megan@myerscareercoaching.com
Linkedin:https://www.linkedin.com/in/meganmyers1010/